In 1909, Luigi Giarlotto’s machine showcased the first-known heat exchanger.
In 1950, Beniamino Rota’s Condor machine brought baristas closer to controlling the pressure, and therefore the temperature, of the water in a heat exchange machine. Rota was the first to patent an espresso machine that featured an electric pump.
ال thermostat was used to regulate the temperature on the earliest espresso machines. It contained a wax pellet that melted within a sealed chamber and expanded at a set temperature. This in turn cracked open a spring-loaded valve to release the pressure.
The heat source for the first espresso machines was gas or wood. A barista had to manually shut off,