عملية التخمير بالغمر

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الاستخلاص

IM 2.03 التآكل

التأفق is the movement of a substance, brought about by the flow of a fluid. In the context of coffee, ‘التآكل’ describes the advection of solute (dissolved substances) and undissolved solid materials from the coffee bed. The grinding process for most food powders, including cocoa and coffee, produces a bimodal توزيع حجم الطحن (Popplewell and Peleg 1988). ‘Bimodal’ means two values occur with high تردد. When a coffee bean breaks under the forces involved in grinding, some large fragments (boulders) and some small fragments (الطحن الناعم) are produced by the combined cutting and crushing action of the التروس. Cutting is expected to cleave through beans without producing many الطحن الناعم; most of the بإنتاج طحن ناعم takes place when beans are shattered between grinder التروس. A further separation of الطحن الناعم and builders occurs when fragments of coffee cells and droplets of coffee oils are separated from the boulders by the process of التآكل

تُظهر هذه الصورة انكسار رأس قلم رصاص كمثال يوضح كيف أن تحطم الأشياء قد ينتج عنه قطعًا كبيرة وجزيئات دقيقة أيضًا.  

In brew methods such as espresso that involve a very short contact time, proper extraction of the coffee relies on التآكل. A very high surface area is required, and it’s important to understand that الطحن الناعم behave quite differently from larger particles. In the smallest particles, all the cells are broken open, which means all of the soluble material is in direct contact with water and can potentially be eroded. Larger particles, on the other hand, still contain some intact cells, and the water can reach the centre of these only by diffusing across the cell walls. As we will explain further in Chapter 5, when you prepare cezve coffee you get around this issue by eliminating boulders from the grinds. This can be achieved by using mills to crush the coffee beans, similar to the manner of preparing stone-ground flour, rather than using steel burr grinders. 

فالطحن الناعم للقهوة يؤدي إلى تكسير معظم خلاياها، وبالتالي يقوم الماء بغسل المركبات الكيميائية (وهي عملية تسمى أحيانًا بالتآكل) بدلاً من تسربها عبر المسام الصغيرة الموجودة في جدران السليلوز لخلايا القهوة.(جان، 2020)

Percolation brews and espresso involve the filtration of coffee through a mesh or filter paper positioned beneath the coffee bed.